Thursday, February 13, 2014

WV Laws which help protect journalists - Shield Laws


Perhaps the most important law journalists have is shield laws. Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia all have shield laws with a reporter’s privilege protecting them if a state government wants to make them reveal confidential information. There is not protection for journalist on a federal level however.If a reporter promises confidentiality and is later to force to give that information to a court, that source can sue them for breach of contract. This law helps protect reporters from that.  Depending on which state the law is in, the privilege may be total privilege or qualified. While the law is meant for reporters, it can also be extended out to other persons involved in the news-gathering process as well, like an editor or publisher.

 Code of West Virginia. Article 3. Competency of Witnesses.
§57-3-10. Reporters’ Privilege.

The West Virginia Shield law was created based on the precedent of Hudok v. Henry, 182 W. Va. 500, 505 (W.Va 1989). However, the W.Va.shield law was not created until 2011 after it was signed into law by Governor Earl Ray Tomblin. According to the law, a reporter is:

“a person who regularly gathers, prepares, collects, photographs, records, writes, edits, reports, or publishes news or information that concerns matters of public interest for dissemination to the public for a substantial portion of the person’s livelihood, or a supervisor, or employer of that person in that capacity: Provided, That a student reporter at an accredited educational institution who meets all of the requirements of this definition, except that his or her reporting may not provide a portion of his or her livelihood, meets the definition of reporter for purposes of this section.”

If you fall under any of these categories, then you should not be forced to testify in any civil, criminal, administrative or grand jury court case with information concerning a confidential source of any published or unpublished information. West Virginia has one of the best shield laws in the country as it pertains to protection of reporters in the State.

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